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In the field of photovoltaics, a solar photovoltaic module is a packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic cells, also known as solar cells. An installation of photovoltaic modules or panels is known as a photovoltaic array. Solar Photovoltaic cells typically require protection from the environment. For cost and practicality reasons a number of cells are connected electrically and packaged in a photovoltaic solar module , while a collection of these modules that are mechanically fastened together, wired, and designed to be a field-installable unit, sometimes with a glass covering and a frame and backing made of metal, plastic or fiberglass, are known as a photovoltaic panel or simply solar panel. A photovoltaic installation typically includes an array of photovoltaic modules or panels, an inverter, batteries (for off grid) and interconnection wiring.
A solar panel is a device that collects and converts solar energy into electricity or heat. It transfers energy from the sun into electricity or heat which can be used by (i.e) nearby buildings. Solar panels were in use over one hundred years ago for hot water heating in homes.
* Photovoltaic panels, used to generate renewable electricity directly from sunlight
* Solar thermal energy collection systems, used to generate electricity through a system of mirrors and fluid-filled tubes
* Solar thermal collector, used to generate heat
* Solar hot water panel, used to heat water, often in homes and other private housing estates
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